A key aspect to obtaining functional cortical tissue is cytoarchitecture. To minimize experimental variability, we can standardize the size of neocortical lesions with the aim of optimizing the deposition of a structured, cellularized, and vascularized bioscaffold. Within 2 weeks after transplantation, the graft is well vascularized (see below) and its neurons project and connect to normal targets, namely to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere across the corpus callosum and also down to the striatum.